Irenaeus of Lyons: source notes

Works: Against Heresies (c. 180). Edition/translation: ANF vol. 1 (Roberts–Rambaut), as on New Advent. The Latin text survives (SC 100); Greek largely lost.

Back to justification · reasoning · conventions

S1: Against Heresies IV.16.2

Source: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103416.htm
Text: “And that man was not justified by these things, but that they were given as a sign to the people, this fact shows — that Abraham himself, without circumcision and without observance of Sabbaths, believed God, and it was imputed unto him for righteousness; and he was called the friend of God.” Latin (Harvey 1857 / Sophia Scriptura AH IV.16.2, verified): reputatum est illi ad justitiam.
Context: “These things” are circumcision and Sabbath. The righteous before Moses were “justified independently of the things above mentioned, and without the law of Moses” (same section).
Bears on: Q2, Q6
Status: verified (English)

S2: Against Heresies IV.13.1

Source: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103413.htm
Text: “the Lord did not abrogate the natural [precepts] of the law, by which man is justified, which also those who were justified by faith, and who pleased God, did observe previous to the giving of the law, but that He extended and fulfilled them”.
Context: Irenaeus speaks of the natural precepts (the Decalogue and love) “by which man is justified” and in the same breath speaks of those “justified by faith”. He does not separate faith from the obedience it produces, and his framework is recapitulation and growth.
Bears on: Q1, Q2, Q5
Status: verified (English)

Topic: baptism

See baptism reasoning.

BAP S1: Against Heresies II.22.4

Source: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103222.htm
Text: “For He came to save all through means of Himself — all, I say, who through Him are born again to God — infants, and children, and boys, and youths, and old men. He therefore passed through every age, becoming an infant for infants, thus sanctifying infants”.
Context: Latin (Harvey / Sophia Scriptura AH II.22.4, verified): omnes inquam, qui per eum renascuntur in Deum, infantes, et parvulos, et pueros, et juvenes, et seniores. The phrase is very likely baptismal, given AH III.17.1 (same edition, verified): Christ gives the disciples potestatem regenerationis in Deum and says baptisantes eos in nomine Patris, et Filii, et Spiritus sancti. Read this way, II.22.4 is an early witness to infants being reborn. That baptismal reading of II.22.4 remains an inference from the parallel language.
Bears on: B2, B1
Status: verified (English; key Latin renascuntur in Deum; III.17.1 baptismal parallel verified); baptismal reading of II.22.4 inferred

Topic: salvation

See salvation reasoning.

SAL S1: Against Heresies IV.37.1

Source: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103437.htm
Text: “God made man a free [agent] from the beginning, possessing his own power, even as he does his own soul, to obey the behests of God voluntarily, and not by compulsion of God. For there is no coercion with God”.
Context: Written against Gnostic determinism by nature (“some are by nature good, and others bad”).
Bears on: S2
Status: verified (English)

Topic: eucharist

See eucharist reasoning.

EUC S1: Against Heresies IV.17.5

Source: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103417.htm
Text: “He took that created thing, bread, and gave thanks, and said, This is My body. And the cup likewise … He confessed to be His blood, and taught the new oblation of the new covenant; which the Church receiving from the apostles, offers to God throughout all the world” (citing Mal 1:10–11).
Context: The Eucharist is an “oblation” received from the apostles.
Bears on: E2
Status: verified (English)

EUC S2: Against Heresies V.2.3

Source: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103502.htm
Text: “When, therefore, the mingled cup and the manufactured bread receives the Word of God, and the Eucharist of the blood and the body of Christ is made, from which things the substance of our flesh is increased and supported, how can they affirm that the flesh is incapable of receiving the gift of God…”
Context: Written against Gnostic denial of the resurrection of the flesh. The argument depends on the Eucharist really being Christ’s body and blood.
Bears on: E1
Status: verified (English)

Topic: atonement

See atonement reasoning.

ATN S1: Against Heresies III.18.1

Source: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103318.htm
Text: “when He became incarnate, and was made man, He commenced afresh the long line of human beings, and furnished us, in a brief, comprehensive manner, with salvation; so that what we had lost in Adam — namely, to be according to the image and likeness of God — that we might recover in Christ Jesus.”
Context: Recapitulation. Latin (Harvey / Sophia Scriptura AH III.18.1, verified): quando incarnatus est, et homo factus, longam hominum expositionem in seipso recapitulavit.
Bears on: A2
Status: verified (English; key Latin recapitulavit)

ATN S2: Against Heresies V.1.1

Source: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103501.htm
Text: “redeeming us by His own blood in a manner consonant to reason, gave Himself as a redemption for those who had been led into captivity. And since the apostasy tyrannized over us unjustly … the Word of God … did righteously turn against that apostasy, and redeem from it His own”.
Context: Ransom and victory, carried out “righteously” and not by force.
Bears on: A1
Status: verified (English)

ATN S3: Against Heresies V.21.1

Source: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103521.htm
Text: “He has therefore, in His work of recapitulation, summed up all things, both waging war against our enemy, and crushing him who had at the beginning led us away captives in Adam” (Gen 3:15).
Context: Recapitulation and Christus Victor joined.
Bears on: A1, A2
Status: verified (English)

Topic: original-sin

See original-sin reasoning.

OSN S1: Against Heresies V.16.3

Source: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103516.htm
Text: “God Himself, whom indeed we had offended in the first Adam, when he did not perform His commandment. In the second Adam, however, we are reconciled, being made obedient even unto death.”
Context: Solidarity in Adam (“we had offended”). The mechanism is not developed.
Bears on: O1, O2
Status: verified (English)

Topic: afterlife

See afterlife reasoning.

AFT S1: Against Heresies V.27.1

Source: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103527.htm
Text: “to send the goats into everlasting fire, which has been prepared by His Father for the devil and his angels” (Matt 25:41).
Context:
Bears on: L5
Status: verified (English)

Topic: scripture-and-tradition

See scripture-and-tradition reasoning.

SCT S1: Against Heresies III.1.1

Source: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103301.htm (NPNF/ANF English translation)
Text: “than from those through whom the Gospel has come down to us, which they did at one time proclaim in public, and, at a later period, by the will of God, handed down to us in the Scriptures, to be the ground and pillar of our faith.”
Context: Scripture as the written form of the apostles’ preaching.
Bears on: C1
Status: verified (English)

SCT S2: Against Heresies III.3.1

Source: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103303.htm (NPNF/ANF English translation)
Text: “tradition of the apostles manifested throughout the whole world; and we are in a position to reckon up those who were by the apostles instituted bishops in the Churches, and [to demonstrate] the succession of these men to our own times; those who neither taught nor knew of anything like what these [heretics] rave about. …”
Context: Against the Gnostics: the public succession of bishops guards the apostolic tradition.
Bears on: C1, C3
Status: verified (English)

SCT S3: Against Heresies III.4.1

Source: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103304.htm (NPNF/ANF English translation)
Text: “Suppose there arise a dispute relative to some important question among us, should we not have recourse to the most ancient Churches with which the apostles held constant intercourse, and learn from them what is certain and clear in regard to the present question? For how should it be if the apostles themselves had not left us writings? Would it not be necessary, [in that case,] to follow the course of the tradition …”
Context: Recourse to the most ancient churches in a dispute.
Bears on: C3
Status: verified (English)

Topic: church-authority

See church-authority reasoning.

PAP S1: Against Heresies III.3.2

Source: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103303.htm (public-domain English translation)
Text: “his, I say,] by indicating that tradition derived from the apostles, of the very great, the very ancient, and universally known Church founded and organized at Rome by the two most glorious apostles, Peter and Paul; as also [by pointing out] the faith preached to men, which comes down to our time by means of the successions of the bishops.”
Context: Rome founded by Peter and Paul; succession list as proof of tradition.
Bears on: P1
Status: verified (English)

PAP S2: Against Heresies III.3.2

Source: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103303.htm (public-domain English translation)
Text: “For it is a matter of necessity that every Church should agree with this Church, on account of its preeminent authority [potiorem principalitatem].”
Context:
Bears on: P1, P2
Status: verified (English)

Doctrine F15

See F15 reasoning.

F15 S1: Against Heresies II.28.2

Source: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103228.htm (public-domain English translation)
Text: “We should leave things of that nature to God who created us, being most properly assured that the Scriptures are indeed perfect, since they were spoken by the Word of God and His Spirit; but we, inasmuch as we are inferior to, and later in existence than, the Word of God and His Spirit, are on that very account destitute of the knowledge of His mysteries.”
Context:
Bears on: F15.1
Status: verified (English)

F15 S2: Against Heresies IV.9.1

Source: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103409.htm (public-domain English translation)
Text: “But one and the same householder produced both covenants, the Word of God, our Lord Jesus Christ, who spoke with both Abraham and Moses, and who has restored us anew to liberty, and has multiplied that grace which is from Himself.”
Context: Against Marcion.
Bears on: F15.2
Status: verified (English)

F15 S3: Against Heresies II.27.1–2

Source: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103227.htm (public-domain English translation)
Text: “These things are such as fall [plainly] under our observation, and are clearly and unambiguously in express terms set forth in the Sacred Scriptures. … Since, therefore, the entire Scriptures, the prophets, and the Gospels, can be clearly, unambiguously, and harmoniously understood by all, although all do not believe them”
Context: Against Gnostic misuse of obscure parables; the rule is to start from what Scripture sets forth plainly.
Bears on: F15.3
Status: verified (English)

Doctrine F05

See F05 reasoning.

F05 S1: Against Heresies III.22.1

Source: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103322.htm (public-domain English translation)
Text: “Those, therefore, who allege that He took nothing from the Virgin do greatly err, [since,] in order that they may cast away the inheritance of the flesh, they also reject the analogy [between Him and Adam].”
Context: Against the Valentinians.
Bears on: F05.2
Status: verified (English)

F05 S2: Against Heresies III.19.1 — Word made man, not a mere man

Source: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103319.htm (public-domain English translation)
Text: “For it was for this end that the Word of God was made man, and He who was the Son of God became the Son of man, that man, having been taken into the Word, and receiving the adoption, might become the son of God. … those who assert that He was simply a mere man, begotten by Joseph … despise the incarnation of the pure generation of the Word of God”
Context: Against adoptionist / mere-man readings: the eternal Word himself became man.
Bears on: F05.3
Status: verified (English)

Doctrine F06

See F06 reasoning.

F06 S1: Against Heresies V.6.1

Source: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103506.htm (public-domain English translation)
Text: “all kinds of languages, and bring to light for the general benefit the hidden things of men, and declare the mysteries of God, whom also the apostle terms spiritual, they being spiritual because they partake of the Spirit, and not because their flesh has been stripped off and taken away, and because they have become purely spiritual.”
Context:
Bears on: F06.2
Status: verified (English)

Doctrine F14X

See F14X reasoning.

F14X S1: Against Heresies IV.20.7

Source: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103420.htm (public-domain English translation)
Text: “For the glory of God is a living man; and the life of man consists in beholding God.”
Context:
Bears on: F14.2
Status: verified (English)

Doctrine F09

See F09 reasoning.

F09 S1: Against Heresies V.1.1

Source: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103501.htm (public-domain English translation)
Text: “f creation — have received, in the times known beforehand, [the blessings of salvation] according to the ministration of the Word, who is perfect in all things, as the mighty Word, and very man, who, redeeming us by His own blood in a manner consonant to reason, gave Himself as a redemption for those who had been led into captivity.”
Context:
Bears on: F09.1
Status: verified (English)

Doctrine S09

See S09 reasoning.

S09 S1: Against Heresies III.3.1

Source: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103303.htm (public-domain English translation)
Text: “the tradition of the apostles manifested throughout the whole world; and we are in a position to reckon up those who were by the apostles instituted bishops in the Churches, and [to demonstrate] the succession of these men to our own times; those who neither taught nor knew of anything like what these [heretics] rave about.”
Context:
Bears on: S09.1
Status: verified (English)

Doctrine T01

See T01 reasoning.

T01 S1: Against Heresies V.33.3

Source: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103533.htm (public-domain English translation)
Text: “times of the kingdom, that is, upon the seventh day, which has been sanctified, in which God rested from all the works which He created, which is the true Sabbath of the righteous, which they shall not be engaged in any earthly occupation; but shall have a table at hand prepared for them by God, supplying them with all sorts of dishes. …”
Context: Papias and the elders.
Bears on: T01.1
Status: verified (English)

Doctrine T02

See T02 reasoning.

T02 S1: Against Heresies V.25.1

Source: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103525.htm (public-domain English translation)
Text: “And not only by the particulars already mentioned, but also by means of the events which shall occur in the time of Antichrist is it shown that he, being an apostate and a robber, is anxious to be adored as God; and that, although a mere slave, he wishes himself to be proclaimed as a king.”
Context:
Bears on: T02.2
Status: verified (English)

Doctrine T12

See T12 reasoning.

T12 S1: Against Heresies II.32.4

Source: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103232.htm (public-domain English translation)
Text: “Others have foreknowledge of things to come: they see visions, and utter prophetic expressions.”
Context:
Bears on: T12.1
Status: verified (English)

T12 S2: Against Heresies II.32.4

Source: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103232.htm (public-domain English translation)
Text: “Yea, moreover, as I have said, the dead even have been raised up, and remained among us for many years.”
Context:
Bears on: T12.1
Status: verified (English)

T12 S3: Against Heresies V.6.1

Source: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103506.htm (public-domain English translation)
Text: “speak all kinds of languages, and bring to light for the general benefit the hidden things of men, and declare the mysteries of God, whom also the apostle terms spiritual, they being spiritual because they partake of the Spirit, and not because their flesh has been stripped off and taken away, and because they have become purely spiritual. …”
Context:
Bears on: T12.1
Status: verified (English)

T12 S4: Against Heresies V.6.1

Source: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103506.htm (public-domain English translation)
Text: “all kinds of languages, and bring to light for the general benefit the hidden things of men, and declare the mysteries of God, whom also the apostle terms spiritual, they being spiritual because they partake of the Spirit, and not because their flesh has been stripped off and taken away, and because they have become purely spiritual. …”
Context:
Bears on: T12.2
Status: verified (English)

Doctrine T18

See T18 reasoning.

T18 S1: Against Heresies V, preface

Source: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103500.htm (public-domain English translation)
Text: “sting away their doctrines as filth by means of the celestial faith; but following the only true and steadfast Teacher, the Word of God, our Lord Jesus Christ, who did, through His transcendent love, become what we are, that He might bring us to be even what He is Himself.”
Context:
Bears on: T18.1
Status: verified (English)

Doctrine F02

See F02 reasoning.

F02 S1: Against Heresies III.19.2

Source: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103319.htm (public-domain English translation)
Text: “But that He is Himself in His own right, beyond all men who ever lived, God, and Lord, and King Eternal, and the Incarnate Word, proclaimed by all the prophets, the apostles, and by the Spirit Himself, may be seen by all who have attained to even a small portion of the truth.”
Context: Against the Ebionites.
Bears on: F02.1
Status: verified (English)

Doctrine F10

See F10 reasoning.

F10 S1: Against Heresies IV.27.2

Source: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103427.htm (public-domain English translation)
Text: “It was for this reason, too, that the Lord descended into the regions beneath the earth, preaching His advent there also, and [declaring] the remission of sins received by those who believe in Him.”
Context:
Bears on: F10.2
Status: verified (English)

Doctrine F11

See F11 reasoning.

F11 S1: Against Heresies I.10.1

Source: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103110.htm (public-domain English translation)
Text: “ascension into heaven in the flesh of the beloved Christ Jesus, our Lord, and His [future] manifestation from heaven in the glory of the Father to gather all things in one, Ephesians 1:10 and to raise up anew all flesh of the whole human race, in order that to Christ Jesus, our Lord, and God, and Saviour, and King, according to the will of the invisible Father, every knee should bow, of things in heaven, and things i …”
Context: The rule of faith.
Bears on: F11.1
Status: verified (English)

F11 S2: Against Heresies I.10.1 — ascension and future manifestation from heaven

Source: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103110.htm (public-domain English translation)
Text: “the ascension into heaven in the flesh of the beloved Christ Jesus, our Lord, and His [future] manifestation from heaven in the glory of the Father to gather all things in one”
Context: Rule of faith: the same ascended Lord will be manifested again from heaven.
Bears on: F11.3
Status: verified (English)

Doctrine F13

See F13 reasoning.

F13 S1: Against Heresies I.10.1

Source: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103110.htm (public-domain English translation)
Text: “ascension into heaven in the flesh of the beloved Christ Jesus, our Lord, and His [future] manifestation from heaven in the glory of the Father to gather all things in one, Ephesians 1:10 and to raise up anew all flesh of the whole human race, in order that to Christ Jesus, our Lord, and God, and Saviour, and King, according to the will of the invisible Father, every knee should bow, of things in heaven, and things i …”
Context: ‘His [future] manifestation from heaven’.
Bears on: F13.1
Status: verified (English)

Doctrine F07

See F07 reasoning.

F07 S1: Against Heresies II.10.4

Source: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103210.htm (public-domain English translation)
Text: “tance of matter, while they believe not that God, according to His pleasure, in the exercise of His own will and power, formed all things (so that those things which now are should have an existence) out of what did not previously exist, they have collected [a multitude of] vain discourses.”
Context: Against Gnostic matter.
Bears on: F07.1
Status: verified (English)

F07 S2: Against Heresies II.10.4

Source: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103210.htm (public-domain English translation)
Text: “And that they may be deemed capable of informing us whence is the substance of matter, while they believe not that God, according to His pleasure, in the exercise of His own will and power, formed all things (so that those things which now are should have an existence) out of what did not previously exist, they have collected [a multitude of] vain discourses.”
Context: God’s free will in creating.
Bears on: F07.2
Status: verified (English)

F07 S3: Against Heresies IV.20.1, 4 — one God creates by the Word; Demiurge is that God

Source: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103420.htm (public-domain English translation)
Text: “For with Him were always present the Word and Wisdom, the Son and the Spirit, by whom and in whom, freely and spontaneously, He made all things, to whom also He speaks, saying, Let Us make man after Our image and likeness. … There is therefore one God, who by the Word and Wisdom created and arranged all things; but this is the Creator (Demiurge) who has granted this world to the human race … Now this is His Word, our Lord Jesus Christ”
Context: Against Gnostic dualism that separates a lesser Demiurge from the high God: the Maker of this world is the one God, creating through His Word.
Bears on: F07.3
Status: verified (English)

Doctrine S21

See S21 reasoning.

S21 S1: Against Heresies II.13.3

Source: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103213.htm (public-domain English translation)
Text: “He is a simple, uncompounded Being, without diverse members, and altogether like, and equal to himself, since He is wholly understanding, and wholly spirit, and wholly thought, and wholly intelligence, and wholly reason, and wholly hearing, and wholly seeing, and wholly light, and the whole source of all that is good— even as the religious and pious are wont to speak concerning God.”
Context: God has no parts; all his attributes are he himself.
Bears on: S21.1
Status: verified (English)

Doctrine T19

See T19 reasoning.

T19 S1: Against Heresies V.6.1

Source: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103506.htm (public-domain English translation)
Text: “But if the Spirit be wanting to the soul, he who is such is indeed of an animal nature, and being left carnal, shall be an imperfect being, possessing indeed the image [of God] in his formation (in plasmate), but not receiving the similitude through the Spirit; and thus is this being imperfect.”
Context: Image kept in the body; likeness given by the Spirit.
Bears on: T19.1
Status: verified (English)

T19 S2: Against Heresies V.16.2

Source: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103516.htm (public-domain English translation)
Text: “times long past, it was said that man was created after the image of God, but it was not [actually] shown; for the Word was as yet invisible, after whose image man was created, Wherefore also he did easily lose the similitude.”
Context: The likeness was lost.
Bears on: T19.1
Status: verified (English)

Doctrine T26

See T26 reasoning.

T26 S1: Against Heresies III.3.4

Source: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103303.htm (public-domain English translation)
Text: “There are also those who heard from him that John, the disciple of the Lord, going to bathe at Ephesus, and perceiving Cerinthus within, rushed out of the bath-house without bathing, exclaiming, Let us fly, lest even the bath-house fall down, because Cerinthus, the enemy of the truth, is within.”
Context: Avoidance of heretics.
Bears on: T26.2
Status: verified (English)

Doctrine T27

See T27 reasoning.

T27 S1: Against Heresies IV.16.4

Source: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103416.htm (public-domain English translation)
Text: “Deuteronomy 30:19-20 Preparing man for this life, the Lord Himself did speak in His own person to all alike the words of the Decalogue; and therefore, in like manner, do they remain permanently with us, receiving by means of His advent in the flesh, extension and increase, but not abrogation.”
Context: The Decalogue remains.
Bears on: T27.1
Status: verified (English)

Doctrine F16

See F16 reasoning.

F16 S1: Against Heresies III.1.1 — gospel from the apostles; foundations of the Church

Source: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103301.htm (public-domain English translation)
Text: “We have learned from none others the plan of our salvation, than from those through whom the Gospel has come down to us, which they did at one time proclaim in public, and, at a later period, by the will of God, handed down to us in the Scriptures, to be the ground and pillar of our faith. … Matthew also issued a written Gospel among the Hebrews in their own dialect, while Peter and Paul were preaching at Rome, and laying the foundations of the Church.”
Context: Salvation and the Church’s faith rest on the apostles’ preaching and Scriptures; the apostles lay the Church’s foundations. Creedal ‘apostolic’ as origin/foundation — not later jurisdiction (S08) or polity forms (S09).
Bears on: F16.3
Status: verified (English)

Doctrine T09X

See T09X reasoning.

T09X S1: Against Heresies V.31.2

Source: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103531.htm (public-domain English translation)
Text: “invisible place allotted to them by God, and there remain until the resurrection, awaiting that event; then receiving their bodies, and rising in their entirety, that is bodily, just as the Lord arose, they shall come thus into the presence of God. …”
Context: Against Gnostics who said the soul rises to heaven at death in place of a bodily resurrection.
Bears on: T09.3
Status: verified (English)

Doctrine F10X

See F10X reasoning.

F10X S1: Against Heresies IV.27.2

Source: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103427.htm (public-domain English translation)
Text: “It was for this reason, too, that the Lord descended into the regions beneath the earth, preaching His advent there also, and [declaring] the remission of sins received by those who believe in Him.”
Context: Irenaeus on the Lord’s descent to the dead, citing 1 Pet 3:19–20.
Bears on: F10.4
Status: verified (English)

Doctrine S18X

See S18X reasoning.

S18X S1: Against Heresies III.16.7

Source: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103316.htm (public-domain English translation)
Text: “This was the reason why, when Mary was urging [Him] on to [perform] the wonderful miracle of the wine, and was desirous before the time to partake of the cup of emblematic significance, the Lord, checking her untimely haste, said, Woman, what have I to do with you? My hour is not yet come John 2:4 — waiting for that hour which was foreknown by the Father.”
Context: Irenaeus on the wedding at Cana (John 2:4).
Bears on: S18.4
Status: verified (English)