Patristic Research
Patristic Research
Category-by-category study of which tradition (Catholic, Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Lutheran, Anglican, Presbyterian, Reformed Baptist, General Baptist, Anabaptist; classic confessional formulations only, see notes/confessions.md) has held closest to the early church fathers and Scripture.
Method
- Primary sources only: patristic writings (through John of Damascus, c. 750) and Holy Scripture. A tradition’s own claims to be original carry no weight.
- Every claim is tested against Scripture exegetically: original Greek/Hebrew, culture, and context. English quotes use the LSB.
- Fathers are read in English translation (Schaff ANF/NPNF etc.), with Greek and Latin checked on key passages.
- Later development is weighed: legitimate clarification versus departure. For each camp, record when its “clarity” on a question came into view.
- Splits and unclear verdicts are allowed.
Layout
notes/working summaries per father/source (the paper trail)doctrines/the research, organised by tier (first-, second-, third-order) and doctrine; each doctrine has a page with its verdicts and areasoning.mdwith the numbered steps (structure)notes/shared/notes shared by the doctrines that came from one former category, including post-750 developmentdocs/conventions for front matter, links, anchors, citations; research backlog of candidate clarifying questions, by priority
Doctrines by tier
Full map of all doctrines by tier: doctrines. How the tiers were set: triage.
First-order (16 of 16 researched)
- F01 The Trinity
- F02 Deity of Christ
- F03 True humanity of Christ
- F04 One person, God and man
- F05 Virgin birth and incarnation
- F06 Deity and personhood of the Holy Spirit
- F07 Creation out of nothing
- F08 Sin and the need for grace
- F09 Christ’s saving death
- F10 Bodily resurrection of Christ
- F11 Ascension and session
- F12 Salvation by grace through faith in Christ
- F13 Return of Christ and final judgement
- F14 General resurrection and eternal life
- F15 Authority and truthfulness of Scripture
- F16 One holy catholic and apostolic Church
Second-order (24 of 24 researched)
- S01 Nature of justification
- S02 Baptism: subjects
- S03 Baptism: effect
- S04 Eucharist: presence
- S05 Eucharist: sacrifice
- S06 Number and nature of sacraments
- S07 Scripture and tradition
- S08 Papal primacy and infallibility
- S09 Church government
- S10 Ordination to the presbyterate
- S11 Predestination and election
- S12 Extent of the atonement
- S13 Perseverance of the saints
- S14 Original sin: guilt or corruption
- S15 Filioque
- S16 Chalcedonian and miaphysite wording
- S17 Purgatory and prayers for the dead
- S18 Invocation of saints and Marian dogmas
- S19 Veneration of icons and relics
- S20 Penal substitution and satisfaction
- S21 Divine simplicity and impassibility
- S22 Marriage, divorce and remarriage
- S23 Nature of saving faith
- S24 Merit and good works
Third-order (27 of 27 researched)
- T01 Millennium
- T02 Timing of end-times events
- T03 Age of the earth and days of creation
- T04 Mode of baptism
- T05 Frequency of communion
- T06 Atonement models beyond the core
- T07 Order of decrees
- T08 Origin of the soul
- T09 Intermediate state
- T10 Final punishment
- T11 Universal restoration as a hope
- T12 Spiritual gifts
- T13 Sabbath and Lord’s Day
- T14 Regulative or normative worship
- T15 Liturgical calendar
- T16 Clerical celibacy
- T17 Fasting rules
- T18 Theosis vocabulary
- T19 Image of God
- T20 Sword, magistracy and oaths
- T21 Women’s ministries beyond the presbyterate
- T22 Israel and the Church
- T23 Admission to the Lord’s Table
- T24 Liberty of conscience
- T25 Communion in both kinds; reservation and adoration
- T26 Church discipline and shunning
- T27 The law in the Christian life